History of Music Videos (FSA 1.1-Task 1A-Post era included)

History of Music Videos: Timeline

Betty Smith: 1929

What was innovative/important?

This music video of Betty Smith was very important at the time because this is one of the earliest music videos as music videos began around the 1930s. It was shown in theatre in 1932. This music video was from a American two-reel short film, St. Louis Blues, which starred Bessie Smith as it is based on her song.

How is it recognized as a music video?

Even though it's a short film, the viewer can see that there is a live performance of a band which make the music video into a performance-based music video, likely in a restaurant or a bar as you can see waiters walking around and the bartender serving alcoholic beverages at the bar etc. You can see the artist lip-syncing to the lyrics, you could also see the audience lip-syncing as well As this is one of the earliest music video, it is one of the first music video to do lip-syncing. They used camera shots such as, long shot and medium close up.

What cultural change was happening during this time?

At the time, this music video only could be seen in theatre/cinema back in 1932 but today, millions of people around the world can be able to access almost any music almost anywhere now like for example: YouTube, Music Steaming Services of Apple Music, Tidal, Spotify etc. that shows how much technology has changed. This music video is very different to modern day music videos because it is in black and white, you can tell it is old.

Jetpack: 1934

What was important/innovative?

This music video of Batcat by the band of Jet Pack was innovative/important because it was consider that this was the first music ever to made and to be seen on television for the first time ever but the song was recorded with the use of gramophone (this is the device where you would record the music and then you could play it back to see how the recording went).

How it is recognized as a music video?

This is recognizable as a music video because it is using conventions of the genre which is surf rock (the instrument that is used in this genre is a guitar). Although there is no use of lip syncing within the video, a story was being told in the video which was that the band were traveling in a spacecraft into space.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

There was cultural change when this music video came out where more promos coming out by different artist to promote their music even though the broadcasters had to broadcast the music video on the television.

Nat King Cole: 1946

What was innovative/important?

This music video of Frim Fram Sauce by the artist of Nat King Cole because he used hyper-reality which there is a screen of him playing on the piano and then the camera shot came back to him where it allow the audience budget back to reality that the artist is sitting in the cafe with other people who are sitting opposite or near him on different tables within the setting. 

How it is recognized as a music video?

For me it is recognized as a music video because there was the use of lip syncing and live performance of the artist playing on the piano and few other people next to him were playing different instruments which it has started from the Surf Rock band of Jet Pack back in 1934 but although, the artist did use intertextuality where it was being being used within this video when the camera has a close-up shot of a woman's legs because the woman is being sexuality in having nice legs in a sexual way (voyeurism). 

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

The cultural change that was happening in this era was that a lot of artists were making more videos where it had lip-syncing and an live performance of a band playing as well.

Marilyn Monroe: 1953

What was innovative/important?

This video incorporates colour and settings. They use a piece from the film and turn it into a music video, this is done to highlight her performing the song. 20 years later we can see that this has inspired Madonna as she made her own music called Material Girl.

How it is recognized as a music video?

This is very significant as it was inter-textual for future music videos. Also there are performers dancing, this also means it is a music video because it incorporates choreography. one thing I find really interesting is that, they took out it out from a film and made it seem like it was a brand new music video, it was almost as if they were experimenting.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

They also used different types of shots, we can see that close up is used here multiple times to state the fact that the music video all evolves around Marilyn.

Nancy Sinarta: 1966

What was innovation/ important about this music video?

Music videos have been around for as long as the 1930's they are specifically used to describe or depict a narrative of story essentially a short film which advertises the music itself. Firstly starting off with 1930's music changed featuring different music videos for songs.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

It was one of the first music videos to actually feature colour. There are many ways this video is different, it uses sexualisation a lot more as it focuses on their legs and all the other women in the background. This also has a very good dance and rhythm to the video. This is one of the first music videos to actually spark an era of female sexualised themes.

How it is recognized as a music video?

It has a very interesting video as it is set in a studio with just a group of girls dancing but follows a genre specific theme it uses Mise En scene to its effect and it also uses a wide range of dance themes and expressions. This dance sequence is known as a Choreography which really translates to a dance sequence that draws in the viewer in fact Choreography is probably one of the most effective uses in music videos as it allows the artist to get publicly noticed due to the dance.

Mise En Scene is not recognized on the set but the costume design for the girls is much sexualize or in other words Voyeurism. Voyeurism is how people are sexually themed and presented in front of the audience.

One huge costume design in this is the boots, the boots are the main theme of this music video this is what made it successful in the first place. They use this to give off a not only sexy but a cool vibe which gives the audience something to enjoy as they view the music video.

David Bowie: 1971

What was innovation/ important about this music video?

This video is effective due to the fact that it is a basic lip sync but the shots and effective props can create conventions for example, his appearance is associated with his stage persona called "Ziggy Stardust" which was Bowie's way of showing Iconography towards his fans so they could act like him and dress like him but this music was made back in 1971.

How is it recognizable as a music video?

This is recognizable as a music video because it includes the convention of the 1970's which was the era of experimental video which change the way that people view videos. Mise en scene is used in this music video because it shows how you can experiment with different costumes and being edgy or weird with your image to sell and promote yourself through visualisation.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

The style and form of music video had changed as artists were re branding themselves ton suit the new era and how being more creative with their video and using multi camera set up to shoot from different angles and using more narrative to show the story easier.

The Buggles: 1981

What was innovative/important?

This music video of Video that killed Radio Star by the band The Buggles which was released back in 1981 was important because this was the first music video to be shown on MTV (Music Television) but the artist didn't get any credit for the song but instead the way it looked (Visuals) to the viewer.

How is it recognized as a music video?

This is recognized as a music video because there is a use of lip-syncing of the singer of the band through the video but it was performance-based as they were the instruments (Guitar, piano). Although, there were some choreography of a girl dancing towards the end of the video where the band are in the same location.  

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

Since the days of having promoting your music through the radio was dying out, the only way to gain popularity was to create a music video and become a movie star for your music but the artist's image needed to change to create an new look and personality in a way that the sub-culture who have different music preferences look at you.

Micheal Jackson: 1983

What was innovative/important?

This music video was innovative because in the early 1980's, MTV (Music Television) came out and this video of Thriller was shown on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom in December 2nd 1983 and was their first world premise by MTV for the video to allow by millions of people which it allowed Michael Jackson to become the biggest artist alongside Madonna on MTV and the music industry in general.

How is it recognized as a music video?

This music video of Thriller by Micheal Jackson is recognized as a promo because it was fitting with the genre conventions of Pop and Disco music as it had choreography of dancing which the main artist and people who were dressed as the living dead (they had used props and make-up to make look like that those are passed away people has come back to alive).

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

The cultural change that was happening during the 1980's was that the artists in the music industry had to make a music video to promote their music through the video or otherwise the people will not listen to them anymore and the music industry would not to work with them at all.

The Police: 1983

What was innovative/important?


The reason why the music video of The Police's Every Breath You Take was innovative mainly because the channel of MTV (Music Television) was launched back in the 80's which the first music video that was seen is the band of Buggle's Video That Killed The Radio Star.

How is it recognized as a music video?

This music video is one of the many recognizable music videos in the 1980s.The video was released in 1983, It has a total of 299 million views. As the lyrics sound romantic, the song is somewhat disturbing. “Every breath you take I’ll be watching you”. This song is about a hooking stalker. It is always interpreted because of the way it sounds but people do not choose to listen to the lyrics properly. The main artist in the band, Sting wrote this song after divorcing his wife. He personally things the song is “a nasty little song”, “evil” and “about jealousy and surveillance and ownership”. P Diddy sampled this song and named it as I’ll Be Missing You. He wrote this song for the late The Notorious B.I.G Wallace, who was murdered in 1997. In the music video for The Police, it is hyper-reality because the music lives within the ash tray. There are effects such as fade ins, and outs and it is in black and white. There is also lip-syncing, for the majority of the video because it is a live performance where you see the band playing instruments and one of the members, Sting singing the song.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

The 1980’s was the beginning of globalization, the AIDS epidemic killed 39 million people and the United Kingdom and United States moved closer to the laissez faire. However, this track hit US's Number One and was there consecutive for 8 weeks.

Lucas: 1994

What was innovative/important?

This music video was released in 1994 close to the mid 90's. What was innovative about the music video is that it is the first music video that was shot in one take you could tell that it was shot in one take because he ran out of breath in some scenes.

How is it recognized as a music video?

This is recognizable as a music video because it has hyper reality to create a fake representation to give the audience the impression that he can travel through time. Intertextuality was included in the music video since you can see the lip-syncing artist through the television.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

The technological change in the 1990's is when music videos were becoming more and more expensive and this is when rock, and the use of abstract art and intertextuality in order to cater to the audience. Multi-channels also came into existence so that music videos can also be played from it.

Beastie Boys: 1994

What was innovative/important?

This music video of sabotage by the band Beastie Boys in which it was released in 1994 where it was seen as innovative because they had added in a fake title sequence of TV show with the same song name which it is relating to it although, the audience who are watching the video do not see the band throughout the whole video at all.

How is it recognized as a music video?

It can be seen as a music video because it conveys the conventions of a music video such as using intertextuality as it makes reference to a TV show and also there is a a bit of hyper reality going on as usually a cops day life wont really be like what was in the music video and to some extent the music video cut to the beat of the song.

What technological/ cultural change happened in this time?

Music videos at this time started to use more artist form of making their videos bending more towards the use of abstract art in their videos while others used things such as TV shows and movies that were already famous in other to appeal not only to their target audience but also to the movies target audience.

Brandy & Monica: 1998

What was important/innovative?

The boy is mind is a composition between Brandy and Monica that was release in 1998. It was innovative by its unique use of mise en scene. It features two different girls fighting over a guy and uses a wall in the middle of the scene to divide them.

How is it recognized as a music video?

It is considered a typical music video because although it features a story, this story only progresses slightly and is more leaned towards the performance of the girls who are singing in their houses. They also use other conventions of music videos. For example, the two singers are lip syncing which is commonly used. However, to make a change the lyrics at some point turn into diegetic when they begin to talk on the phone.

Despite the video being quite contemporary, music videos have still changed hugely since then. In terms of the camera work, this consists mostly one shots which, although cut to the beat, goes at a slower pace to what would have been these days. Another thing changed is the mise en scene and the clothing. The props in the scene have clearly been updated as technology had updated with time. In terms of the clothing. The girls are wearing a lot less revealing clothes in comparison to music videos now days which aim to sexualise the characters in order to sell the music.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

They have made a lot of progress from earlier on. There are some transitions such as wipes and fades which help create excitement in the video. Also, about half way through the video, there features a lot of canted angles which haven't been done a lot. Another thing they have played around with in the beginning of the video is depth of field. One of the girls are positioned in front of the couch but behind the fish bowl and we can see clearly the change from the three different places in the room. This makes it more realistic for the views.

Britney Spears

This is reflected into the music videos that were made in the 1990's to the 2000's. For instance in this video of Britney Spears in her biggest hit 'Baby hit me one more time' it is a young girl wearing clothes that would be deemed as being overly sexualized at the time would make this music video very controversial due to the fact that you would not see young girls dressed in provocative clothing in the hallways dancing. This also gives us a sense of Hyper- reality as this is something that typically happens in a school.

What was important/innovative?

What is innovative about this music video is the fact the Britney as promoting herself as a school girl who is being sexualize or portrayed in a provocative way. This is innovative because it is appealing to young school girls such as Britney as the target audience and promoting them to dress this way as it sets a type of trend. Because of this, music videos beyond the 2000s were now focusing on visuals more than the music itself. This is a clear example.

How is it recognized as a music video?

As a music video this is recognizable because it includes the artist performing in the actual video which is the 'star image' meaning that the video focuses around them when they are generally lip syncing, dancing etc. Furthermore, it is also recognized for the performance as well as the singing i.e. choreography. This would be recognizable in music videos as it makes up the aspects or conventions of a music video as well as lip sync, narrative etc.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

The music played today is known as post modernism in which music videos become more modern  and still follow many conventions such as lip sync, montage edits, choreography, and creating an image for the artist. This may also be the reason why Britney's image is more focused on than the actual music video itself.

Rihanna: 2007

We notice that Rhianna has had a massive change of appearance. This illustrated the fact that her image had change dramatically and was seen to the audience as a sex symbol. Promotion of the artist is key in a music video for the future success of both record label and the artist who will gain fame and create an image for the artist.

The lyrically of the song reflect moods and emotion that surround anxiety and confusion. The songs starts with a fade to create suspension as it is like a horror story which creates tension and could create isolation as the location looks abandoned and she is mental hospital because every scene is different in her actions and costume to show that she has split personality disorder.
 
What was innovative/important?

Mise en scene is an important convention that is used in this music video because it shows you can create a different personality with a different costumes and make up,which implies that she is feeling in secure with her image and she could be experimenting due to an traumatic issue that may have happened.

How is it recognized as a music video?
 
The visualisation of the video is more more important than the track because different scenes( chorus and verse) shows different personality. In the later scene, Rihanna is in a very tiny room, with her hands and legs been tied up.The video ends with Rihanna turning around on her chair. A shot from the music video where Rihanna is seen imprisoned. She is wearing lenses that make her look as if her eyes have rolled into the back of her head. Other scenes include Rihanna sitting on a throne chair and singing the song, while two strange women are around her. Then, multiple people around her are holding her in front of a gas chamber. As the chorus starts Rihanna is seen tied up in a bed from which she can't get out.

What cultural change was happening during this time?
 
This can challenge how society see women because she is experimenting with her personality which could she is not her at the times but someone else to show insecurity and issues to make relationships which could it make it hard to trust anyone. the genre is electro-pop and dance pop which represents the style of the song but it doesn't suit the video. 

Lady Gaga: 2011

What was important/innovative?

Lady Gaga made a song called 'Marry the night in 2011 and the reason why it is different to other videos is because the narrative is longer than the actual song. The narrative is 8 minutes long talking about her life and the song is 5 minutes 50 seconds. This is very different since a lot of artist do not tend to talk about personal life but instead, they would create an fake image to the audience.

How it is recognized as a music video?


This video has conventions such as lip-syncing, choreography, abstract and it has hyper-reality. The reason why it is hyper-reality is because hospitals are not like that when you compare to reality. The reason why this music video is abstract and unusual is because it has a lot of unusual scenes that doesn't relate with the song and also at the end she is in red not showing her face, surrounded by fire.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?


There is an 8 minute narrative scene which is hyper reality and the story begins as a brunette Gaga is taken through a clinic on a stretcher, while an inner monologue about her past memories is heard. During the post 2003 era, music video are more important than the song because it is the music video convey the singer's public image.

PSY: 2012 (MY PART)

What was important/innovative?

The thing that was innovative within this modern music video of Gangnam Style by Korean-Pop artist PSY is that he was promoting himself instead of the visuals representation of the video because when this video came out in 2012, it was going viral through social media and it had spread worldwide mainly due to the dancing that the artist was doing so people would copy the same dance when the song did come on but not only that, it allowed people to get to know the genre of Korean-Pop more than did because they were little known about it until this video blew up onto the internet.

How it is recognized as a music video?

This is very recognisable music video because it fits with the genre conventions of the song which is Korean-Pop which there was lip-syncing within this music video but the visual representation is not telling no narrative or story being told at all as he is promoting himself and dancing which it is showing that he is having fun rather than being creative.There is a use of editing and effects where for example: when it was about to go the hook of the song, its use of editing was used which was cutting of the beat around 1.06 to 1.10 and 2.25 to 2.30 minutes within the video.

What technological or cultural change happened during this time?

In the post-2003 era within the history of music videos, the artists would be able to make music videos and able to put on video-sharing website like for example: YouTube. Although the reason why is that the artist does this because it is one of the ways to make more money by promoting the single of the song so they can carry on making money through going on tour or sell merchandise through the use of synergy but today, the money that is being devalued by people as they are interested in the visual representation of the video rather than the actual song that was used as a backing track .

Budget categories of a music video (FSA Task 1B)

Budget Categories

When it comes to making a music video for promotion and selling it to your target audience, you will get a budget that the artist will need to work with because you consider the limits of making it and making sure that you spend the money wisely so you will not get into problems although you want to be creative as possible so it can create your image within the music industry.

The budget that you will get to use is dependent on what concept you want to create, getting the production equipment required, the locations that you want to use, the types of props you need, getting the cast and crew and buying food/drinks. Though, it is a simple fact that it splits into different brackets of 25k, 35-50k, 50-75k, 100k, 150k, 200k, 250-300k and 500k+ but it is determined if you are self-produced, indie or even major label artist because with an indie/major labels, 90% of the money that is made through the music video will go towards the major and indie with the artist will get 10% but with the self produced, they will the money all themselves.

The lower budgets around 25k and 75k are normally for the self-produced artists mainly because when they put out the music video, you would see that they didn't use expensive locations or even didn't use any special effects during the editing process of the music video.

In the middle of the budget, there is money of 100 to 300k mainly for the indie label since they have artists who want to be a little bit creative with their video and are able to a little bit more equipment than the self-produced artist can as they have a smaller budget compared.

Finally, there is the bottom of the budget where the major artist is given around 500k+ mainly because it allows the artist to get more equipment, more food for the production crew that working with the artist to make the music, more advanced editing software to add very good special effects to make more interesting etc.

Example of 25K Music Video

Examples of 35-50K Music Videos

Examples of 50-75K Music Videos

Example of 100K Music Video

Examples of 150K Music Videos

Example of 200K Music Video

Example of 250-300K Music Video

Examples of 500K Music Videos

One of the first method that the artist can use to make money through montisation is through the use of YouTube which it was created back in 2005.YouTube is a video streaming service and it is used by millions of people worldwide so when the artist puts their music video on there, it will get seen anyone if it goes trending on the video service which it will allow it to become more popular globally through the amount of views that is getting and could go viral through social media like for example: Twitter, for other people for whom have not seen the video at all to go and check it out.

For every 1000 per views that is seen by the public, the artist will earn $2 dollars by adding in an advertisement into the video to make more money so in the music industry, the major and indie labels will get 90% of the money with the artist getting 10% of it but with the self-produced artist, they will get all of the money because they are not signed to any label at all.

FSA 1.1-Task 1C: Purpose of Music Videos (Individual Work)

To Sell the Song

The purpose of making a music video is to sell the song for promotion and trying to get an reaction from your target audience so they will remember the artist through the promo in which they will remain as a fan of their music. There is a way to try to do this is by entertaining your target audience in the music video because they will know the artist through their talent of singing or even rapping but if the artist shows their other talents like for example: dancing or acting, the video will become more interesting to watch visually rather it looking boring and plain. An good example of this music video is Drake's Hotline Bling where it was released in 2015 which it got around 946,381,581 million views on YouTube which is close to billion views alone and would appear later on his fourth studio called Views in 2016 but the main reason why it went viral through social media is because he was dancing in the video where millions of people around the world were creating memes of him and many famous people were creating parodies at the same time.

Promotional for the Artist

When it comes to promotional of the artist, it is very important that the music video is made in which they will gain some future success for both of the label and the artist that is working with them in general who is possibility up and coming or even self-produced as they want to gain more popularity, getting a bigger fan-base and being signed a major/indie label if the music video gets the audience talking about the up-coming/unsigned artist through the use of word of mouth. An good example of an artist talking about their new song/album on a talk show is Travis Scott going on the American Radio show of Hot 97 where he talks about his new album of Birds In The Trap Sing McKnight.

Exposure and Expansion of the Artist

The whole exposure of any artist is very hugely important when it comes to having a music video because it will show the target audience of the artist's image although the image that is created is fake due to the hyper-reality but including the expansion of the artist is extremely important as they can gain more money and endorsement deals from famous company's like for example: Kendrick Lamar has endorsement deal with Reebok which in the deal, he is allow to create his own version of the trainers and sell it to the general public. 

To sell the song, invoke a reaction from the audience

For some music videos, the sole purpose for any artist from major to self-produced is to promote themselves because it allows them to create an image for your audience to jump into the hyper-reality and by creating an social media account so your fans can follow of what you do but not only that, the artist will be able to gain exposure so people will be talking about as it is going viral through the social media so an example of this music video that invoked an reaction from the audience is Nicki Minaj's Anaconda which is an single from her 2014 album of The Pinkprint she is twerking her bottom and showing her body within the video to ignite an reaction from the audience which it allowed to go viral via social media due the twerking which it is a dance that woman would do to impress the men.

     
To give the audience a better understanding of the song

Very often, music videos are made to create a meaning within it because there is a use of visualisation in which it is creating the image for the artist through the audience will believe the hyper-reality although it not real but sometimes for songs, it has an deeper meaning to the video as the artist is trying their point across to the audience which are going to watch it for the first time if they create an narrative in the video for an abstract effect. An good example of music video that does have an good understanding the song is Rudimental's Waiting All Night where it tells a real life of BMX Champion and Actor of Kurt Yaeger which it shows his recovery from having his leg being cut off.

Product Placement

Product placement is where you are selling or even promoting another company's product where the audience may possibility be see it on the music video that has been released in which the major label use this in the way that they gain more profit although they would need to ask the company if it can seen within the video for which there needs to be an agreement between both sides but if the artist uses the product without asking for permission then it is possible that the company could sue the major label for using the product. An example of a music video that uses product placement is DJ Khaled's Do You Mind which it was promoting the new alcoholic drink of Ciroc Mango, Beats Headphones, two Gucci bags and the e-cigarette of K Galaxy as well.

  
Promotion for music and Album

When it comes to promoting of artist's music or even their album, it is regarded as extremely important because it needs to be successful when it comes to selling the product to the public, so the music video will need to be remembered by the target audience that the artist makes the music for, so they will go back to the artist to listen to them again or there is a possibility that they might forget of them in the near future. An example of music video is promoting the music and album at the same time is Kendrick Lamar's Alright which is off his recent album of To Pimp A Butterfly because not only that the song is positive, the album has dark and light concept in terms of the subject matter being told.

  
Synergy

The definition of the word Synergy is where two products are combine to make a music video in which it is used as platform in different areas give it more success but it could be a soundtrack for an film that is getting promoted because they must have contacted the artist to allow the film get notice more. A good example of this is Linkin Park's song New Divide which it is one of the soundtrack was made and promoted the film of Transformers 2: Revenge Of The Fallen which it released back in 2009.

Promotion of Film

For music video, the song is made to represent the lyrics through the visuals which the modern era audiences are interested more of the visual representation rather than the soundtrack being heard. Although for some music videos, they have an artist to make a video where they would some visuals from a film to create a short film or even have narrative being seen like for example: Whitney Houston made a music video for a single 'I will always Love You' for the soundtrack from the feature film of The Bodyguard.  

Promote festivals

For the last decade, festivals and world tours have become very important to the artist mainly because they can get a wider exposure and possibility and even a bigger fan-base through having new fans and old one who have been following that particular artist from the beginning when the artist started to make music but the reason why the audience would care is mainly because just say for example: if the artist is actually performing that particular festival in the location like London, then it is possible that the artist's fan-base would go on the festival's website to go and see them in person.

     

Opens up new markets

A music video allows opens up brand new markets for the artist and different record companies which it sells the song by promoting their image and by the use of synergy, it creates a bigger fanbase with the use of print and digital media due to the change that the general public consume media today. So it does increase in outlet of YouTube to becomes more likely for the song being heard more by the audience who are watching the video for the first time which in a way, it becomes more successful in the near future when it does go viral on Social Media although these new markets can include endorsement as well. An example of a video that does this is Coca-Cola and the artist of Rita Ora worked together to launch their brand new and improved Coca-Cola Zero with Zero Sugar.

Generates new market for Record Company

With different major labels of Universal, Sony and Warner Music Group will use music videos that is created by the production crew to create an wider extension of income from the track that the artist made because they want it to be accessed through different outlets like for example: on YouTube, an advertisement that is seen in the music video will get the artist $2 for every 1000 views which it is a use of monetisation which it is a way of making money. So this will allow the artist's image to go viral but most of the money will go to the major label while the artist will get 10% of it and an example of a music video has generated an new market for an record company is LMFAO's Party Rock Anthem where it has been viewed 1,206,850,475 on YouTube as it went viral through the choreography being seen in the video.

Selling an Image

The artist will often sell their image or even their looks mainly because they would want to keep up with the audience and their fans at the same time since today with music videos, the modern era of our audience are more focused with the visuals representation of it rather than the soundtrack that is being used to promote the song. A clear example of the artist selling their image is Miley Cyrus when she released her video of Can't Be Tamed in 2010 where she was trying to move away from the Disney days of Hannah Montana but in this video, it appeared that she was in the process of changing her image so it allowed sales of her music to go up and the song becoming even more successful.   

Bibliography:

https://herewardmedia.wordpress.com/2014/02/09/unit-29-music-video-production-1-purpose-of-a-music-video/

Prep Work: Music Video (1B)

For the conventions of music video, it does depend on the genre of the music that the artist makes for the target audience in the music industry but some of the general conventions that are seen in music video currently are: the artist are shown on the camera performing the song, the lyrics is seen reflecting the song throughout the video, the pace of the editing is very suitable to the video and outfits tend to reflect the mood of the song in general.

Genre	Conventions
Pop: Taylor Swift-Shake It Off	Normally in pop music, the lyrics are based on love and relationship but the meaning in this is about shaking the haters who don't like her music in general. Usually, you would normally see choreography within the pop music video which is seen here.
R&B: The Weeknd-The Hills	The music in R&B are meant to be at slow pace rather than fast pace but in this music video, there is a use of narrative in the beginning and in the end where the artist gets tempted by the devil.
Hip-Hop: Kendrick Lamar-Alright	There are many low-angle/close up shots to show the artist’s power but the setting of the music video, it was filmed in the urban city of Los Angeles rather than filming in a mansion which is the common convention but the artist is showing that he still represents of where he comes from instead of selling his soul to the music industry.
Indie: Mumford and Sons: I Will Wait	In this video, the band is seen performing live in front of the crowd by live instruments of guitar, drums etc. With indie artists, they normally dressed casually which it is seen in this video.

 

How are music videos monetised? (FSA 1.1-Task 1B)

Extension of Income

So in this task, I am going to be talking about how music videos that is being accompanied from the artist who made the song make their money through the use of montisation even though, there is are two methods of this.

One of the first method that the artist can use to make money through montisation is through the use of YouTube which it was created back in 2005.YouTube is a video streaming service and it is used by millions of people worldwide so when the artist puts their music video on there, it will get seen anyone if it goes trending on the video service which it will allow it to become more popular globally through the amount of views that is getting and could go viral through social media like for example: Twitter, for other people for whom have not seen the video at all to go and check it out.

For every 1000 per views that is seen by the public, the artist will earn $2 dollars by adding in an advertisement into the video to make more money so in the music industry, the major and indie labels will get 90% of the money with the artist getting 10% of it but with the self-produced artist, they will get all of the money because they are not signed to any label at all.

Second method of making money off your music video is having Product Placement where the whole definition of product placement is where it is designed to promote or even sell another company's products which it can be seen in the music video and also on the television, billboards, newspapers, magazines etc.

This has always been described as advertising technique which is used by the company who want to promote or even sell the product consumers in which they are targeting at and trying to gain their attention but there is a type of product placement called paid product placement where the artist mentions or even shows the product in the music video but they would need to pay the company for permission because they could into trouble by getting sued or could go to court if possible.

An example of Product Placement:

The Beats Pills XL being seen in the Pills N Potions music video by Nicki Minaj but they would need to paid the company so they would be allow to show it otherwise, the artist could get sued.

Synergy

The definition of Synergy is where two products combine to promote further so the artist and even the record label can make more money because people are buying the album that has been released to them. An example of the use of synergy is where for Drake's new album Views, he put exclusive release on music steaming service of Apple Music since he has a contract with the music steaming service where he can put his new album onto the service for only two weeks until it goes onto another steaming services of Spotify, Tidal etc.

Self-produced Artist: Nav (FSA 1.1-Task 1B)

In my opinion, music videos are used to promote the artist's image and the reason why this is because the audience will have hyper-reality real life relationship into the artist that are into which they listen but however, it is used to promote the artist itself rather the audience as they believe that the artist live that type of lifestyle in real life.

Nav-Ten Toes Down

Image

The image that is being seen in this music video is telling the audience that the artist is dedicated to making music by being on the grind although it is going to be a long road until he gets notice and more popular so he will get more respect than he getting at the moment but not only that, he wants to show the fans of his music of where he grew up in Toronto, Canada and wants a girl to stay by his side at any cost   

Budget and production value

The budget/production value of this music video is probably around the low budget of £25 grand or even less than that because since he is a unsigned artist, Nav will need to manage his finances  to certain extent that he has enough money to make a music video so he can promote himself further to indie (independent) or even major labels if they notice that he got potential to get into the music industry to make high quality music for his fans to hear in the near future.    

Synergy and Product Placement

The type of Synergy is placed in this video where in the YouTube description box, there is links to Nav's YouTube account where his fans to go and subscribe to his channel, his Instagram account which you can follow him, his Soundcloud which is where he uploads his music for his fans to hear for the first time and his twitter account as well. Not only that, there is a link of the director's Instagram account which you can follow him and contract him so someone can ask him to direct their music video that they have planned to make.    

Audience they are appealing to (size and types)

The type of target audience that the unsigned artist of Nav is trying to appeal is to teenagers and young adults who are really into Hip-Hop and underground music who are around the age of 13-28 years old because the audience will probably want to listen something different rather the mainstream and independent music that is getting made and heard today but since he is unsigned artist, people may not know this artist well as much so the fans of him already will need to spread the word in the streets or even on social media for them to check out this artist.  

Strategy used to get attention or to promote

The strategy that the unsigned Nav uses in this music video to get attention is around the 0.57 to the 1.03 minute mark where he is sexuality portraying the girl in the way that she looks beautiful and has got beauty at the same time which he does not want her to go to other guys as he wants her to stay with him since he feels that she is baddest girl who is got compared to others.            

Monetisation of outlets

With an unsigned artist like Nav compared to a independent and major artist of Arctic Monkeys and Miley Cyrus, he will get the rest of money that is made on YouTube rather than having to get 10% of the money that the artist earns from an indie or major label because no indie or even major label has not signed him yet that allows to give all of the money made to the label.

Indie artist: Arctic Monkeys (FSA 1.1-Task 1B)

In my opinion, music videos are used to promote the artist's image and the reason why this is because the audience will have hyper-reality real life relationship into the artist that are into which they listen but however, it is used to promote the artist itself rather the audience as they believe that the artist live that type of lifestyle in real life.

Do I Wanna Know-2013

Image

A very good example of indie artist that has not change their image over-time is Arctic Monkeys mainly because they are from a indie/independent label called Domino Recording Company so they are allowed to keep their image rather than a major label artist can as they need to appeal to a mainstream audience to keep them listening to them and buying their music. In this music video, it was more abstract than anything because the band does not appear at all which the lines are moving to the beat and lyrics of the track.  

Budget and production value

In terms of the budget and production value of this music video, I can be reasonable amount was spent in terms of people who are experts of animation and good editors as well because there was use of it in the video where they had to match the track of the song and lyrics so it shows in the final version of the video that it is abstract because it is challenging the conventions of a music video that is seen today which the main focus is on the visuals rather than the music instead.    

Synergy and Product Placement

There is a use of Synergy/product placement in this video where in the YouTube description, the band were promoting their single which it has links to their store where the fans can buy their merchandise  and buying the full version of their album 'AM' via their independent record Domino Recording or iTunes but, the main reason why artists use Synergy/product placement is that not only that the indie record of Domino Recording Company and the band can make more profit out of it as the fans of the band are buying their products.

Audience they are appealing to (size and types)

The target audience that Arctic Monkeys are trying to appeal to is teenagers and young adults who are into rock music and are around the age of 15-28 because the band itself is very creative when it comes to making their music although, they have not changed their image at all which is another reason why they are so popular worldwide unlike major label artists as they need to change their image to get with the current world today in terms of music.

Strategy used to get attention or to promote

The strategy that the band used to get attention is around the 1.37 to 2.00 minutes of music video where through the use of animation, they were a few woman wearing a low-tops, shorts and cow-girl boots while holding a tire down which is sexuality them because they want attract female fans who are also into rock music as well.    

Monetisation of outlets

The amount of views that this music video is 370,483,678 million views which you can work out how much the band earned as they get 10% of the money. So if you divide by 1000 because of the per views got on YouTube so you will get the answer of 370483.678. Although there is two more to working out of how money will the band get overall, so the next step of this process is to times it by two which the answer is 740967.356 but, the final answer will be £74,096 as you need to work out 10% of 74096.7356.

Major artist: Miley Cyrus (FSA 1.1-Task 1B)

In my opinion, music videos are used to promote the artist's image and the reason why this is because the audience will have hyper-reality real life relationship into the artist that are into which they listen but however, it is used to promote the artist itself rather the audience as they believe that the artist live that type of lifestyle in real life. 

Image

For a major artist in the music industry, I am looking to be at the famous American singer and actress named Miley Cyrus which she is a perfect example of a major artist of changing her image over the time to fit in current world at the moment. At first when she was a child in which on the Disney Channel for the television of Hannah Montana in 2005, she starred the main star where Cyrus played as a regular teen living a double life where she lived a normal life but when her character puts on a blonde hair wig, she was known as a pop star.

However after the show was finished, her image was moving from a Disney sweetheart and country accent (her early music) so it was showing to the fans that she is maturing and should her fan-base that she created through the music at first. Not only that, she even cut (dye) hair and clothing from the more country feel to more edgy and weird look to give her new look which it was a real shock for the fans of her music which got mixed opinions on the look which it took a while for people to accept what changes that Cyrus has done to her image but it allowed the sales for her music to go up.

In this music video of Can't Be Tamed, she was trying to get away from her image of being this Disney sweetheart who had played Hannah Montana and into something a little more  edgy that her fan-base could get into a hyper real life relationship with the artist but it is allowing the artist to promote themselves rather than the audience because they are buying into the music and image that is being portray.

Around the 1.11 minute mark of music video, this screenshot is showing of Cyrus in a new maturing side of her image as she is growing up and trying to move away from the sweetheart image of Hannah Montana which you can tell through her clothing as she is starting to wearing less clothing rather than country clothing.

  
Around the 1.28 minute mark of this video, she appears in a choreography with other dancers who are dressed up and wearing make up at the same time within the cage which it is main setting for the music video until they move to another location but in this you can tell that she trying to put on some more sexier dances which she is trying to be more appealing for her fan-base while trying to moving away from her starting image.

Budget and production value

As it is a music video from a major artist for a major record label, the budget would have been fairly reasonable because they would have to get the choreographers, the cameras, make-up artists, the costume for everyone that they needed to wear, catering to keep everyone happy and not annoyed and paying for the location that was used.

Synergy and Product Placement

The word of Synergy is when the artist is promoting their music through the different platforms so the major label that works with the solo artist will gain more profit through the products that the audience are buying into it as they are fans of that particular artist in terms of the music that they make. In the case for the artist of Miley Cyrus, she was promoting the single of Can't Be Tamed which it is name of her third album, she would have promoted the album through iTunes which they could buy the whole thing for a price that is set which is £10.99 or steaming it on Apple Music, Tidal and Spotify.

Audience they are appealing to (size and types)

The type of target audience that Miley Cyrus is appealing to is youth (teenagers) who have around the age of 13-19 in which her fan-base have been following her since the Disney days of Hannah Montana but they would have matured with the artist at the same time.

Strategy used to get attention or to promote

The strategy that the artist used to gain attention from the target audience of teenagers that has been following the artist since Disney days of Hannah Montana is the dancing which is known as choreography mainly because Cyrus was going through a change in her image as she wanted to get away from the Disney sweetheart days of Hannah Montana which there is a little more sexier dance moves that is appealing to the male audience.      

Monetisation of outlets

As you can see on the bottom of the screenshot, it is showing how much views has the music video has gotten overtime so for the music video of single Can't Be Tamed it gotten over 168,254,673 million views but this maybe due to the video having 30-second ads which the viewer will have to watch because it is allowing the artist/company getting the money for it which on YouTube, 1000 per views will get you $2 dollars. 

Homework for the history of music videos (1A)

Homework

For this report, I am going to be talking the history of music videos of when it started being made and how it has changed over the years during the musical eras which does include including the budget categories in terms of what how much it costs in make one depending if you are an major or independent artist and how music videos are monetized.

History of Music Videos

A music video is a short feature film where the main artist is utilizes the hype-reality that it gives an illusion to the viewer of the song where they are in that sort of fake reality that is getting created by the main artist in terms of the narrative and setting that is set up

1930's-Jetpack

The music video of Jetpack by the band Batcat where within the video there is use of animation rather than lip-syncing being used at all which it is common to see today's promo. The actual song was recorded by the use of gramophone but the main reason why this was innovative during this period of history for music video is because it was considered to be the first to be made by the artist and it was performance based than having the conventions that is seen in music video.

1940's-Nat King Cole

The next music video that I am going to be looking at is Frim Fram Sauce by Nat King Cole where there is a use of lip-syncing and live performance compared to Batcat's Jetpack in which, animation was the main focus as the band were traveling in outer space. This is important as a music video because there is a use of hyper-reailty within this video when the artist is playing the piano on the screen but the camera shot goes back to him sitting on the chair and lip-syncing. Also during the use of hyper-reality, it had got the audience into a world that they are with the artist on the screen but when the camera shot went to the artist sitting on a chair around a lot of people in the cafe, it had got them back to the reality if what is happening.

1980's-Micheal Jackson

The music video of Thriller by the famous Micheal Jackson was made back in 1982 where during that period, there was a start of MTV (Music Television) in 1980 which it is innovative part of this video even though the band of The Buggles's Video That Killed Radio Star was released first under  MTV. Also, the artists from all different genres of music had to make a music video in order to complete in the music industry with others or would less known by them or even the general public that are into the artist's way of making music.

Post-era

During this period of music videos, it was becoming even more common that the video are the following the promo's conventions like lip-syncing, choreography and having some edits of montage being used to make more for the viewer but not only that, it has evolved of using creative ideas as well. An good example of this is Gangnam Style by Korean artist PSY where the reason why this video was innovative is because he was promoting himself more rather than the visuals presentation being seen in the video due to the dancing that he did which it allowed it to go trending on social media and worldwide as well but it did allow the people to get to know the genre of Korean-Pop a little better by looking on the internet.

                           
Budget Categories

When it comes to planning and making a video, there is a difference between an low and big budget music videos where it is depending on it is major artist or an independent artist within the music industry. Normally with an low budget music video, the independent artist would mainly use a single camera to film of the whole video which they are filming outside but if they want to use the studio for Chroma Key effects (green screen), then they would need to pay more money to use it. With a big budget music video, the major artist and the filming crew are able to film in expensive places that the  independent artist cannot do at all but the artist will need to pay off of the whole crew when it is done depending on the success of the video.

How music videos are monetized?

When it comes to putting your music video onto YouTube, there are different ways of making money off your video like for example: You can put in ads into the video by having different major sponsors so it gets a little bit more of views as the average of per views is 25 which you will make $1 but not only that, you can promote the single of the track via linking an iTunes by putting it down in the description box below the video that the viewer is seeing.

Analysis of Eight Music Videos

Analysis of eight music videos from 4 different genres

The whole purpose of making a music video is not only to make money through the single that has been released by the major artist but also to give a very good representation while portraying a message that is gives meaning to the song. Also it is promoting their music that artist has released for the tended target audience as they are trying to get more recognition and in a way to advertise their album that is getting or been released for the audience.

Future-Blood On the Money (Hip-Hop/Rap)

Link for the video: https://youtu.be/2y-edrXIZjA

The track of Blood On the Money is Hip-Hop/trap track where it is off the album of Future’s third studio album called DS2 but this song was not released as a single but instead it was released as a music video and the producers were Cassius Jay, Zaytoven & Metro Boomin produced the whole of the track.

Visual Presentation: The lyrics that the artist of Future is reciting to the listener of the music is that he is earning his so called money by doing dirty deeds by getting someone murdered and selling drugs in the dangerous neighbourhoods but in the music video, himself and his crew are attending a funeral of dead relative and it showed how this person and his body getting dumped over a bridge but there is a plot twist which in the night, Future and his producers of Metro Boomin and DJ Esco go back to graveyard where the coffin is and opens up to find money inside of it instead of the dead body.

In this screenshot from the Blood on The Money music video, this is mid-shot of the covered man while being tied to a chair where he is shaking in fear as there is a bright light that is approaching him which the audience can tell that he is on train tracks.

In this screenshot, towards the ending of this music video there is shot of Future’s producer of DJ Esco landing into a coffin that is filled with money which is the main plot twist of the video because the audience would think that the dead person was buried inside but they show what happened to both of the dead bodies.

Narrative: This music video was both narrative and performance-based as there was flashbacks of how this person died which was getting run over an oncoming train while being tied up to a chair where his face was covered, his body getting dragged by unknown person in the dark which he sets it on fire to get rid of it and the dead body is getting thrown off a bridge.

Performance features: The performance features within the track of Blood On the Money features the Atlanta producers of Metro Boomin (Leland Tyler Wayne) and DJ Esco where both of them are producers for Future but they do appear as guests because they do not perform any vocals at all.

Sound: The most of the music video is non-diegetic as the editors did slow down the pace of the clips so the lip-syncing would be able to match with the actual audio of the track although at the beginning of the music video, there is diegetic sound when there were vocals from Future being heard.

Age Group: The intended age group for this type of Hip-Hop music is around the ages of sixteen to eighteen.

Arctic Monkeys-Do I Wanna Know? (Alternative/Rock)

Link: https://youtu.be/bpOSxM0rNPM

This single of Do I Wanna Know is a rock track by Arctic Monkeys where it was based off their fifth studio album called AM where it was released back in September 2013 and this track was released as a single in June of that year.

Visual representation: The whole meaning of this song is that the lead singer of Arctic Monkeys called Alex Turner is portraying himself is an obsessive lover to this girl where he wants her to open up her feelings including his while being in a relationship together.

Idea behind the video: The whole idea behind this music video was that it was abstract that is meaning that it was creative and imaginative rather going with narrative or performance based at all so they used amination with the use of imagery being used like, for example: they had waveform throughout the most of the music video before it got more interesting towards the end of it.

Sound: The sound within this music video is non-diegetic so the waveforms for the most of the video would be in sync with the actual audio of the track.

The Weeknd-Can’t Feel My Face (R&B)

Link: https://youtu.be/KEI4qSrkPAs

Visual Presentation: The meaning of this track is where the lyrics by the artist of The Weeknd is talking about this drug that he is taking for his personal use while trying to referring it to woman as it is painful to take because he is making music for the industry so he can impress the listeners and his fans at the same time.

In this screenshot from the music video, the camera shot of mid-shot of the lighter in the air that has been thrown by the unknown man towards the artist of The Weeknd where he is performing. He was about to smoke inside the nightclub until he has second thought and decides throw at The Weeknd but the artist was looking at him in couple of the clips so this could be the devil in disguise to keeping working in the studio rather entertain his own fans.

Performance features: The performance features of this video has cameos of males and females who are acting the audience of dancing and watching the artist (The Weeknd) performing in front of nightclub.

Sound: The sound within this music video is non-diegetic because the clips of the artist’s lip syncing matches with the actual audio of the track but there is no diegetic sound being heard at all.

Intended age group: Since the genre of this track is Pop, the intended target audience will be majority young teenagers listening to this track and artist itself so the age gap will between 13-19 years old.

Kendrick Lamar: Alright (Hip-Hop/Rap)

Link: https://youtu.be/Z-48u_uWMHY  

            

Visual representation: The visual representation of this extended Alright music video by Kendrick Lamar where the meaning behind it is that after the track 6 of U on To Pimp A Butterfly which lyrically he is talking about depression when his friend died in hospital after being shot in his hometown of Compton and his dark thoughts of loving yourself, this track is giving him hope and keeping his confidence high rather than low by saying ‘We gon’ be alright’ by believing in God to get rid of his pain and struggles while highlighting the police brutality against black people in the United States of America.

In this screenshot, around the 4:00 and 4:05 minute mark there is panning where the artist of Kendrick Lamar is lip-syncing to the camera while having a crowd behind enjoying in with him. For this single, it is showing that the small communities within the neighbourhoods are united rather being disjointed from different places in the United States of America since this track is positively and hope for different races by saying the hook ‘We gon’ be alright’.  

Performance features: During this music video, there is cameos appearances from Ab-Soul, Schoolboy Q and Jay Rock who are part of TDE (Top Dawg Entertainment) including Kendrick as well which they were in a car where four LA police were carrying. Also there is a feature from Pharrell Williams where he is on the hook for the track saying ‘We gon’ be alright’.

Sound: There is non-diegetic sound within the music video because Kendrick’s lip syncing within each clip is matching with the actual audio of the track and some audio from a different track of U which is on to Pimp a Butterfly as well including Alright where Kendrick is screaming in pain and anger. But at the beginning of the music video you can hear diegetic sound like, for example: you can hear a gun being fired by one of the LA policemen, glass of beer getting smashed into a wall which gets broken into pieces.

Intended age group: Since the track belongs to the genre of Hip-Hop, the intended target audience would be teenagers who are between the age of 13-26 years old and who are into the likes of Kendrick, Drake, J Cole, Kanye West, Chance The Rapper, Logic, Big Sean etc.

Muse: Resistance (Alternative/Rock)

Link: https://youtu.be/TPE9uSFFxrI

Visual representation: This music video of Resistance is about where someone is recording a tour with the band performing in a stadium in the capital city of Spain which is Madrid in front of their fans but in terms of the lyrics being said in the audio is simple for the listener which the whole meaning of the track is that it is about the romance between two people and about love being crossed any boundaries when it comes to religious beliefs.

In this screenshot around the 1:20 to 1:23 minute mark, this camera shot that is being used here is a long shot of the band playing in a concert in front of thousands of people in a stadium within the country of Spain but in the capital city of Madrid.

Performance features: Within this music video, the band is consisting of Matt Bellamy, Chris Wolstenholme and Dominic Howard but there is no featuring artist within the track and also, they are performing in front of a lot of people in a stadium by using live instruments like, for example: guitar, bass and drums were being played by them. So I can definitely say that the public had been waiting to go in to see them live so I can guess that these people are a fans of the band.

  

Sound: The type of the music sound that is being used in this music video is non-diegetic as the footage has been recorded in the concert is in sync so the band cannot hear the track at all otherwise it will be diegetic.  

Age Group: Since this track’s genre is Alternative/Rock, it would say that the target audience who are bands like, for example: Muse, Coldplay, Imagine Dragons, Red Hot Chilli Peppers or even Foo Fighters could be around the age of 13-30 year olds.

Bryson Tiller: Exchange (R&B)

Link: https://youtu.be/aj9coPGuFkM

Exchange is one of the singles that was released from Bryson Tiller’s first debut studio album called TRAPSOUL which it was released back 2th October 2015 and he became one of the breakout stars of 2015 where it was good year in which there was music getting released from all genres like, for example: Hip-Hop, Pop, R&B, Alternative etc.

Visual representation: This music video is about the past relationship that Tiller and ex-girlfriend where it shows of how both of them met together and it developed before they broke up but towards the ending of the music video, they do get back together after meeting up on a top of a mountain.

In this screenshot which this is a clip from the music video ‘Exchange’ by Bryson Tiller where from the 1:13 to the 1:23 minute mark it is showing how Bryson Tiller and his new girlfriend met for the first time so it is establishing to the listener and audience who are watching this music video that from that point on, they have been in a relationship before breaking up with one other.

Performance Analysis: In this music video, it is starring Bryson Tiller which he is the main actor of the whole thing but there is a guest of a mixed-race and good looking woman who seems to be an ex-lover to the Louisville singer in the video.

Narrative: The whole narrative of this music video that has been released by the artist is both performance and narrative-based story of nonlinear being mixed in together to make more interesting for the viewer to watch rather it being boring and dull but the reason why it is both of these types of narrative as there is some parts of the video where the main artist is lip-syncing to the camera and including the fact that there are flashbacks to show the past of what happened between the relationship between the artist and his girlfriend.

Sound: The sound that is being heard within the music video is non-diegetic as the different camera shots that are getting shown to the viewer is in sync with the audio of the track as well with the shots with Tiller lip-syncing the vocals that he is singing.

Age Group: Since this track of Exchange by Bryson Tiller is an R&B/Pop genre, the target audience is intended for young teenagers of mainly girls between the age of 13-19 years old.

Gun N’ Roses: Welcome to the Jungle (Rock)

Link: https://youtu.be/o1tj2zJ2Wvg

This track was released back in October 27th 1988 in the United Kingdom after a year their first album called Appetite for Destruction was released to the public in July 21th 1987 and was well-received by music critics and including new fans who just starting listening to the band for the first time.  

Visuals: This music video is about exploring the dark side of city while trying to a reach for fame in their life which in for a case for the band, the city that are talking about in their lyrics of the song is Los Angeles as they were living in Sunset Boulevard around 1985 where they described as a ‘hell.

Performance Analysis: In this music video, there is appearances from the whole of the rock band like the vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bass player Duff McKagen and drummer Steven Adler where they are seen performing in a concert in front of people.   

Sound: The sound is that being used in the video is non-diegetic as the vocalist of Axl Rose is lip-syncing to the vocals of the track to the camera while the band are also playing the actual track where they cannot hear it at all.

Age Group: The intended age group for the target audience who are into the genre of Rock music and are into artists like AC/DC, Aerosmith, Bon Jovi, Black Sabbath, David Bowie, The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix or even Iron Maiden are most likely to be around the age of 13-50 years old.

B.B King: The Thrill Is Gone ft. Tracy Chapman (Jazz)

Link: https://youtu.be/xVxCtt3s_1M

Visuals: The whole meaning of this track is that the main artist (B.B King) is remembering a relationship that that he was previously in but his wife seems to have died and he is trying to move on from that past relationship and the proof of this is where around 2:00 and 2:04 minutes into the music video as he is checking into a local hotel and he opens up the briefcase, he has a photo frame of his wife.

Performance Analysis: The whole music video has the main artist of Jazz artist and musician of B.B King with the featuring artist of Tracy Chapman where this single appears on his fifth album called Deuces Wild that was released in 1997.

Sound: The type of sound that is being used in this music video is non-diegetic because both of the artists are lip-syncing to the vocals that is being said in the actual audio of the single.

Age Group: The intended age group of this song is most likely between the age of 24-70 as there are going to be fans that like jazz music are into the artists like B.B King, Louis Armstrong, Nat King Cole etc.