Betty Smith: 1929
What was innovative/important?
This music video of Betty Smith was very important at the time because this is one of the earliest music videos as music videos began around the 1930s. It was shown in theatre in 1932. This music video was from a American two-reel short film, St. Louis Blues, which starred Bessie Smith as it is based on her song.
How is it recognized as a music video?
Even though it's a short film, the viewer can see that there is a live performance of a band which make the music video into a performance-based music video, likely in a restaurant or a bar as you can see waiters walking around and the bartender serving alcoholic beverages at the bar etc. You can see the artist lip-syncing to the lyrics, you could also see the audience lip-syncing as well As this is one of the earliest music video, it is one of the first music video to do lip-syncing. They used camera shots such as, long shot and medium close up.
What cultural change was happening during this time?
At the time, this music video only could be seen in theatre/cinema back in 1932 but today, millions of people around the world can be able to access almost any music almost anywhere now like for example: YouTube, Music Steaming Services of Apple Music, Tidal, Spotify etc. that shows how much technology has changed. This music video is very different to modern day music videos because it is in black and white, you can tell it is old.
Jetpack: 1934
What was important/innovative?
This music video of Batcat by the band of Jet Pack was innovative/important because it was consider that this was the first music ever to made and to be seen on television for the first time ever but the song was recorded with the use of gramophone (this is the device where you would record the music and then you could play it back to see how the recording went).
How it is recognized as a music video?
This is recognizable as a music video because it is using conventions of the genre which is surf rock (the instrument that is used in this genre is a guitar). Although there is no use of lip syncing within the video, a story was being told in the video which was that the band were traveling in a spacecraft into space.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
There was cultural change when this music video came out where more promos coming out by different artist to promote their music even though the broadcasters had to broadcast the music video on the television.
Nat King Cole: 1946
What was innovative/important?
This music video of Frim Fram Sauce by the artist of Nat King Cole because he used hyper-reality which there is a screen of him playing on the piano and then the camera shot came back to him where it allow the audience budget back to reality that the artist is sitting in the cafe with other people who are sitting opposite or near him on different tables within the setting.
How it is recognized as a music video?
For me it is recognized as a music video because there was the use of lip syncing and live performance of the artist playing on the piano and few other people next to him were playing different instruments which it has started from the Surf Rock band of Jet Pack back in 1934 but although, the artist did use intertextuality where it was being being used within this video when the camera has a close-up shot of a woman's legs because the woman is being sexuality in having nice legs in a sexual way (voyeurism).
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
The cultural change that was happening in this era was that a lot of artists were making more videos where it had lip-syncing and an live performance of a band playing as well.
Marilyn Monroe: 1953
What was innovative/important?
This video incorporates colour and settings. They use a piece from the film and turn it into a music video, this is done to highlight her performing the song. 20 years later we can see that this has inspired Madonna as she made her own music called Material Girl.
How it is recognized as a music video?
This is very significant as it was inter-textual for future music videos. Also there are performers dancing, this also means it is a music video because it incorporates choreography. one thing I find really interesting is that, they took out it out from a film and made it seem like it was a brand new music video, it was almost as if they were experimenting.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
They also used different types of shots, we can see that close up is used here multiple times to state the fact that the music video all evolves around Marilyn.
Nancy Sinarta: 1966
What was innovation/ important about this music video?
Music videos have been around for as long as the 1930's they are specifically used to describe or depict a narrative of story essentially a short film which advertises the music itself. Firstly starting off with 1930's music changed featuring different music videos for songs.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
It was one of the first music videos to actually feature colour. There are many ways this video is different, it uses sexualisation a lot more as it focuses on their legs and all the other women in the background. This also has a very good dance and rhythm to the video. This is one of the first music videos to actually spark an era of female sexualised themes.
How it is recognized as a music video?
It has a very interesting video as it is set in a studio with just a group of girls dancing but follows a genre specific theme it uses Mise En scene to its effect and it also uses a wide range of dance themes and expressions. This dance sequence is known as a Choreography which really translates to a dance sequence that draws in the viewer in fact Choreography is probably one of the most effective uses in music videos as it allows the artist to get publicly noticed due to the dance.
Mise En Scene is not recognized on the set but the costume design for the girls is much sexualize or in other words Voyeurism. Voyeurism is how people are sexually themed and presented in front of the audience.
One huge costume design in this is the boots, the boots are the main theme of this music video this is what made it successful in the first place. They use this to give off a not only sexy but a cool vibe which gives the audience something to enjoy as they view the music video.
David Bowie: 1971
What was innovation/ important about this music video?
This video is effective due to the fact that it is a basic lip sync but the shots and effective props can create conventions for example, his appearance is associated with his stage persona called "Ziggy Stardust" which was Bowie's way of showing Iconography towards his fans so they could act like him and dress like him but this music was made back in 1971.
How is it recognizable as a music video?
This is recognizable as a music video because it includes the convention of the 1970's which was the era of experimental video which change the way that people view videos. Mise en scene is used in this music video because it shows how you can experiment with different costumes and being edgy or weird with your image to sell and promote yourself through visualisation.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
The style and form of music video had changed as artists were re branding themselves ton suit the new era and how being more creative with their video and using multi camera set up to shoot from different angles and using more narrative to show the story easier.
The Buggles: 1981
What was innovative/important?
This music video of Video that killed Radio Star by the band The Buggles which was released back in 1981 was important because this was the first music video to be shown on MTV (Music Television) but the artist didn't get any credit for the song but instead the way it looked (Visuals) to the viewer.
How is it recognized as a music video?
This is recognized as a music video because there is a use of lip-syncing of the singer of the band through the video but it was performance-based as they were the instruments (Guitar, piano). Although, there were some choreography of a girl dancing towards the end of the video where the band are in the same location.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
Since the days of having promoting your music through the radio was dying out, the only way to gain popularity was to create a music video and become a movie star for your music but the artist's image needed to change to create an new look and personality in a way that the sub-culture who have different music preferences look at you.
Micheal Jackson: 1983
What was innovative/important?
This music video was innovative because in the early 1980's, MTV (Music Television) came out and this video of Thriller was shown on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom in December 2nd 1983 and was their first world premise by MTV for the video to allow by millions of people which it allowed Michael Jackson to become the biggest artist alongside Madonna on MTV and the music industry in general.
How is it recognized as a music video?
This music video of Thriller by Micheal Jackson is recognized as a promo because it was fitting with the genre conventions of Pop and Disco music as it had choreography of dancing which the main artist and people who were dressed as the living dead (they had used props and make-up to make look like that those are passed away people has come back to alive).
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
The cultural change that was happening during the 1980's was that the artists in the music industry had to make a music video to promote their music through the video or otherwise the people will not listen to them anymore and the music industry would not to work with them at all.
The Police: 1983
What was innovative/important?
The reason why the music video of The Police's Every Breath You Take was innovative mainly because the channel of MTV (Music Television) was launched back in the 80's which the first music video that was seen is the band of Buggle's Video That Killed The Radio Star.
How is it recognized as a music video?
This music video is one of the many recognizable music videos in the 1980s.The video was released in 1983, It has a total of 299 million views. As the lyrics sound romantic, the song is somewhat disturbing. “Every breath you take I’ll be watching you”. This song is about a hooking stalker. It is always interpreted because of the way it sounds but people do not choose to listen to the lyrics properly. The main artist in the band, Sting wrote this song after divorcing his wife. He personally things the song is “a nasty little song”, “evil” and “about jealousy and surveillance and ownership”. P Diddy sampled this song and named it as I’ll Be Missing You. He wrote this song for the late The Notorious B.I.G Wallace, who was murdered in 1997. In the music video for The Police, it is hyper-reality because the music lives within the ash tray. There are effects such as fade ins, and outs and it is in black and white. There is also lip-syncing, for the majority of the video because it is a live performance where you see the band playing instruments and one of the members, Sting singing the song.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
The 1980’s was the beginning of globalization, the AIDS epidemic killed 39 million people and the United Kingdom and United States moved closer to the laissez faire. However, this track hit US's Number One and was there consecutive for 8 weeks.
Lucas: 1994
What was innovative/important?
This music video was released in 1994 close to the mid 90's. What was innovative about the music video is that it is the first music video that was shot in one take you could tell that it was shot in one take because he ran out of breath in some scenes.
How is it recognized as a music video?
This is recognizable as a music video because it has hyper reality to create a fake representation to give the audience the impression that he can travel through time. Intertextuality was included in the music video since you can see the lip-syncing artist through the television.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
The technological change in the 1990's is when music videos were becoming more and more expensive and this is when rock, and the use of abstract art and intertextuality in order to cater to the audience. Multi-channels also came into existence so that music videos can also be played from it.
Beastie Boys: 1994
What was innovative/important?
This music video of sabotage by the band Beastie Boys in which it was released in 1994 where it was seen as innovative because they had added in a fake title sequence of TV show with the same song name which it is relating to it although, the audience who are watching the video do not see the band throughout the whole video at all.
How is it recognized as a music video?
It can be seen as a music video because it conveys the conventions of a music video such as using intertextuality as it makes reference to a TV show and also there is a a bit of hyper reality going on as usually a cops day life wont really be like what was in the music video and to some extent the music video cut to the beat of the song.
What technological/ cultural change happened in this time?
Music videos at this time started to use more artist form of making their videos bending more towards the use of abstract art in their videos while others used things such as TV shows and movies that were already famous in other to appeal not only to their target audience but also to the movies target audience.
Brandy & Monica: 1998
What was important/innovative?
The boy is mind is a composition between Brandy and Monica that was release in 1998. It was innovative by its unique use of mise en scene. It features two different girls fighting over a guy and uses a wall in the middle of the scene to divide them.
How is it recognized as a music video?
It is considered a typical music video because although it features a story, this story only progresses slightly and is more leaned towards the performance of the girls who are singing in their houses. They also use other conventions of music videos. For example, the two singers are lip syncing which is commonly used. However, to make a change the lyrics at some point turn into diegetic when they begin to talk on the phone.
Despite the video being quite contemporary, music videos have still changed hugely since then. In terms of the camera work, this consists mostly one shots which, although cut to the beat, goes at a slower pace to what would have been these days. Another thing changed is the mise en scene and the clothing. The props in the scene have clearly been updated as technology had updated with time. In terms of the clothing. The girls are wearing a lot less revealing clothes in comparison to music videos now days which aim to sexualise the characters in order to sell the music.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
They have made a lot of progress from earlier on. There are some transitions such as wipes and fades which help create excitement in the video. Also, about half way through the video, there features a lot of canted angles which haven't been done a lot. Another thing they have played around with in the beginning of the video is depth of field. One of the girls are positioned in front of the couch but behind the fish bowl and we can see clearly the change from the three different places in the room. This makes it more realistic for the views.
Britney Spears
This is reflected into the music videos that were made in the 1990's to the 2000's. For instance in this video of Britney Spears in her biggest hit 'Baby hit me one more time' it is a young girl wearing clothes that would be deemed as being overly sexualized at the time would make this music video very controversial due to the fact that you would not see young girls dressed in provocative clothing in the hallways dancing. This also gives us a sense of Hyper- reality as this is something that typically happens in a school.
What was important/innovative?
What is innovative about this music video is the fact the Britney as promoting herself as a school girl who is being sexualize or portrayed in a provocative way. This is innovative because it is appealing to young school girls such as Britney as the target audience and promoting them to dress this way as it sets a type of trend. Because of this, music videos beyond the 2000s were now focusing on visuals more than the music itself. This is a clear example.
How is it recognized as a music video?
As a music video this is recognizable because it includes the artist performing in the actual video which is the 'star image' meaning that the video focuses around them when they are generally lip syncing, dancing etc. Furthermore, it is also recognized for the performance as well as the singing i.e. choreography. This would be recognizable in music videos as it makes up the aspects or conventions of a music video as well as lip sync, narrative etc.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
The music played today is known as post modernism in which music videos become more modern and still follow many conventions such as lip sync, montage edits, choreography, and creating an image for the artist. This may also be the reason why Britney's image is more focused on than the actual music video itself.
Rihanna: 2007
We notice that Rhianna has had a massive change of appearance. This illustrated the fact that her image had change dramatically and was seen to the audience as a sex symbol. Promotion of the artist is key in a music video for the future success of both record label and the artist who will gain fame and create an image for the artist.
The lyrically of the song reflect moods and emotion that surround anxiety and confusion. The songs starts with a fade to create suspension as it is like a horror story which creates tension and could create isolation as the location looks abandoned and she is mental hospital because every scene is different in her actions and costume to show that she has split personality disorder.
What was innovative/important?
Mise en scene is an important convention that is used in this music video because it shows you can create a different personality with a different costumes and make up,which implies that she is feeling in secure with her image and she could be experimenting due to an traumatic issue that may have happened.
How is it recognized as a music video?
The visualisation of the video is more more important than the track because different scenes( chorus and verse) shows different personality. In the later scene, Rihanna is in a very tiny room, with her hands and legs been tied up.The video ends with Rihanna turning around on her chair. A shot from the music video where Rihanna is seen imprisoned. She is wearing lenses that make her look as if her eyes have rolled into the back of her head. Other scenes include Rihanna sitting on a throne chair and singing the song, while two strange women are around her. Then, multiple people around her are holding her in front of a gas chamber. As the chorus starts Rihanna is seen tied up in a bed from which she can't get out.
What cultural change was happening during this time?
This can challenge how society see women because she is experimenting with her personality which could she is not her at the times but someone else to show insecurity and issues to make relationships which could it make it hard to trust anyone. the genre is electro-pop and dance pop which represents the style of the song but it doesn't suit the video.
Lady Gaga: 2011
What was important/innovative?
Lady Gaga made a song called 'Marry the night in 2011 and the reason why it is different to other videos is because the narrative is longer than the actual song. The narrative is 8 minutes long talking about her life and the song is 5 minutes 50 seconds. This is very different since a lot of artist do not tend to talk about personal life but instead, they would create an fake image to the audience.
How it is recognized as a music video?
This video has conventions such as lip-syncing, choreography, abstract and it has hyper-reality. The reason why it is hyper-reality is because hospitals are not like that when you compare to reality. The reason why this music video is abstract and unusual is because it has a lot of unusual scenes that doesn't relate with the song and also at the end she is in red not showing her face, surrounded by fire.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
There is an 8 minute narrative scene which is hyper reality and the story begins as a brunette Gaga is taken through a clinic on a stretcher, while an inner monologue about her past memories is heard. During the post 2003 era, music video are more important than the song because it is the music video convey the singer's public image.
PSY: 2012 (MY PART)
What was important/innovative?
The thing that was innovative within this modern music video of Gangnam Style by Korean-Pop artist PSY is that he was promoting himself instead of the visuals representation of the video because when this video came out in 2012, it was going viral through social media and it had spread worldwide mainly due to the dancing that the artist was doing so people would copy the same dance when the song did come on but not only that, it allowed people to get to know the genre of Korean-Pop more than did because they were little known about it until this video blew up onto the internet.
How it is recognized as a music video?
This is very recognisable music video because it fits with the genre conventions of the song which is Korean-Pop which there was lip-syncing within this music video but the visual representation is not telling no narrative or story being told at all as he is promoting himself and dancing which it is showing that he is having fun rather than being creative.There is a use of editing and effects where for example: when it was about to go the hook of the song, its use of editing was used which was cutting of the beat around 1.06 to 1.10 and 2.25 to 2.30 minutes within the video.
What technological or cultural change happened during this time?
In the post-2003 era within the history of music videos, the artists would be able to make music videos and able to put on video-sharing website like for example: YouTube. Although the reason why is that the artist does this because it is one of the ways to make more money by promoting the single of the song so they can carry on making money through going on tour or sell merchandise through the use of synergy but today, the money that is being devalued by people as they are interested in the visual representation of the video rather than the actual song that was used as a backing track .
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